Anthropometric indicators as predictors of dynapenia in postmenopausal women

Abstract Aim: Anthropometry represents an alternative to the evaluation of nutritional status and screening of events related to muscle fitness. Therefore, this study aimed to compare anthropometric indicators of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia and to identify the predictive capacity of these indicators to screen the respective outcome in this population. Methods: Cross-sectional epidemiological study, conducted with postmenopausal women. Dynapenia was diagnosed by handgrip strength < 20 kgf. Arm (AC), abdominal (AbC), hip (HC) and calf circumferences (CC), triceps, biceps, subscapular, supraspinatus and thigh skinfolds were analyzed. Body Mass Index, Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist to Hip and Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR), Corrected Arm Muscle Area (CAMA) and Arm Muscle Circumference (AMC) were calculated. Results: A total of 273 women participated in the study. The BAI, WHtR, and CI did not present significant differences between the groups. For the other indicators, the dynapenic group obtained significantly lower values compared to the non-dynapenic. AC was the indicator with the highest sensitivity to screen for postmenopausal dynapenia (79.8%). While CAMA and AMC were the indicators with the best specificity (86.2%). However, CC showed the best balance between sensitivity (67.5%) and specificity (63.0%). Conclusion: The indicators AC, CAMA, and/or the AMC can be used together, or CC alone, to predict postmenopausal women with dynapenia. Therefore, these indicators can be used as important epidemiological tools to improve women's health surveillance actions.

Functional performance and muscular strength in symptomatic female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy / Desempenho funcional e força muscular em portadoras sintomáticas de distrofia muscular de Duchenne

Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) usually affects men. However, women are also affected in rare instances. Approximately 8% of female DMD carriers have muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. The early identification of functional and motor impairments can support clinical decision making. Objective: To investigate the motor and functional impairments of 10 female patients with dystrophinopathy diagnosed with clinical, pathological, genetic and immunohistochemical studies. Methods: A descriptive study of a sample of symptomatic female carriers of DMD mutations. The studied variables were muscular strength and functional performance. Results: The prevalence was 10/118 (8.4%) symptomatic female carriers. Deletions were found in seven patients. The age of onset of symptoms in female carriers of DMD was quite variable. Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles, muscular weakness, compensatory movements and longer timed performance on functional tasks were observed in most of the cases. Differently from males with DMD, seven female patients showed asymmetrical muscular weakness. The asymmetric presentation of muscle weakness was frequent and affected posture and functionality in some cases. The functional performance presents greater number of compensatory movements. Time of execution of activities was not a good biomarker of functionality for this population, because it does not change in the same proportion as the number of movement compensations. Conclusion: Clinical manifestation of asymmetrical muscle weakness and compensatory movements, or both can be found in female carriers of DMD mutations, which can adversely affect posture and functional performance of these patients.

Resumo A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) geralmente afeta indivíduos do sexo masculino. No entanto, mulheres também são acometidas em casos raros. Aproximadamente 8% das portadoras de DMD têm fraqueza muscular ou cardiomiopatia. A identificação precoce das alterações funcionais e motoras pode alterar a tomada de decisão clínica. Objetivo: Investigar as deficiências motoras e funcionais de 10 pacientes do sexo feminino com distrofinopatia diagnosticada por estudos clínicos, patológicos, genéticos e imuno-histoquímicos. Método: Estudo descritivo de uma amostra de portadoras sintomáticas de mutações DMD. As variáveis estudadas foram força muscular e desempenho funcional. Resultados: A prevalência foi de 10/118 (8,4%) de portadoras sintomáticas de DMD. Foram encontradas deleções em sete pacientes. A idade de início dos sintomas em portadoras de DMD foi variável. Pseudo-hipertrofia de panturrilhas, movimentos compensatórios, fraqueza muscular e aumento no tempo de execução de tarefas funcionais foram observados na maioria dos casos. Diferentemente dos homens com DMD, sete pacientes apresentaram fraqueza muscular assimétrica. A apresentação assimétrica da fraqueza muscular foi frequente, podendo afetar a postura e a funcionalidade. O desempenho funcional geralmente apresenta aumento no número de movimentos compensatórios. Não podemos sempre considerar o tempo como um bom marcador de funcionalidade para essa população, uma vez que não muda na mesma proporção que o número de compensações em todas essas pacientes. Conclusão: Fraqueza muscular assimétrica e movimentos compensatórios, ou ambos, podem ser encontrados em portadoras sintomáticas de DMD, o que pode afetar a postura e a funcionalidade dessas pacientes.

Características e preditores de doença crítica crônica na unidade de terapia intensiva / Characteristics and predictors of chronic critical illness in the intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: Caracterizar os pacientes com doença crítica crônica e identificar os preditores relacionados à evolução para doença crítica crônica. Métodos: Coleta prospectiva de dados por 1 ano realizada na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital geral localizado na Região Sul do país. Construíram-se três modelos de regressão logística para identificar os fatores associados com doença crítica crônica. Resultados: Dentre os 574 pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva durante o período do estudo, 200 foram submetidos à ventilação mecânica. Destes, 85 (43,5%) pacientes desenvolveram doença crítica crônica, totalizando 14,8% de todos os pacientes admitidos à unidade de terapia intensiva. O modelo de regressão que avaliou os fatores prévios à admissão à unidade de terapia intensiva associados com doença crítica crônica identificou insuficiência renal crônica submetida à diálise (OR 3,57; p = 0,04) e diagnóstico neurológico quando da admissão ao hospital (OR 2,25; p = 0,008) como fatores independentes. No modelo que avaliou a associação de doença crítica crônica com situações ocorridas durante a permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva, destacaram-se fraqueza muscular (OR 2,86; p = 0,01) e úlceras por pressão (OR 9,54; p < 0,001). Na análise multivariada global (fatores prévios e situações ocorridas durante a permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva), destacaram-se admissão ao hospital por doenças neurológicas (OR 2,61; p = 0,03) e desenvolvimento de úlceras por pressão (OR 9,08; p < 0,001). Conclusão: A incidência de doença crítica crônica foi similar à observada em outros estudos e teve associação mais forte com o diagnóstico de doenças neurológicas quando da admissão ao hospital e insuficiência renal crônica submetida à hemodiálise, assim como com complicações desenvolvidas durante a hospitalização, como úlceras por pressão e fraqueza muscular.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize patients with chronic critical illness and identify predictors of development of chronic critical illness. Methods: Prospective data was collected for 1 year in the intensive care unit of a general hospital in Southern Brazil. Three logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with chronic critical illness. Results: Among the 574 subjects admitted to the intensive care unit, 200 were submitted to mechanical ventilation. Of these patients, 85 (43.5%) developed chronic critical illness, composing 14.8% of all the patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The regression model that evaluated the association of chronic critical illness with conditions present prior to intensive care unit admission identified chronic renal failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis (OR 3.57; p = 0.04) and a neurological diagnosis at hospital admission (OR 2.25; p = 0.008) as independent factors. In the model that evaluated the association of chronic critical illness with situations that occurred during intensive care unit stay, muscle weakness (OR 2.86; p = 0.01) and pressure ulcers (OR 9.54; p < 0.001) had the strongest associations. In the global multivariate analysis (that assessed previous factors and situations that occurred in the intensive care unit), hospital admission due to neurological diseases (OR 2.61; p = 0.03) and the development of pressure ulcers (OR 9.08; p < 0.001) had the strongest associations. Conclusion: The incidence of chronic critical illness in this study was similar to that observed in other studies and had a strong association with the diagnosis of neurological diseases at hospital admission and chronic renal failure in patients undergoing hemodialysis, as well as complications developed during hospitalization, such as pressure ulcers and muscle weakness.

Prevalência e fatores associados à sarcopenia, dinapenia e sarcodinapenia em idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo - Estudo SABE / Prevalence and associated factors of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcodynapenia in community-dwelling elderly in São Paulo - SABE Study

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à sarcopenia, dinapenia e sarcodinapenia em idosos residentes no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional envolvendo 1.168 idosos pertencentes à terceira onda do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento), em 2010. Foramconsiderados sarcopênicos os idosos com índice de massa muscular esquelética ≤ 8,90 kg/m2 para homens e ≤6,37 kg/m2 para mulheres, dinapênicos aqueles com força de preensão manual < 30 kg para homens e < 20kg para mulheres, e sarcodinapênicos aqueles que apresentavam sarcopenia associada à dinapenia. Características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, condições clínicas, nutricionais e bioquímicas foram consideradas para determinar os fatores associados a cada uma das três condições por meio de regressão logística multinomial. Resultados: A prevalência de sarcopenia, dinapenia e sarcodinapenia foi, respectivamente, 4,8% (IC95% 3,6-6,3), 30,9% (IC95% 27,5-34,6) e 9,0% (IC95% 7,2-11,3). O avanço da idade e a desnutrição foram associados às três condições analisadas. O prejuízo cognitivo foi associado à dinapenia e à sarcodinapenia. A escolaridade, ter o hábito de fumar e não ter vida conjugal foram associados à sarcopenia, enquanto osteoartrite, escolaridade, ser ex-fumante e apresentar valores baixos de hemoglobina foram associados à dinapenia. Foram associados à sarcodinapenia o hábito de fumar e o risco de desnutrição. Conclusão: Dinapenia é a condição mais prevalente na população idosa, seguida pela sarcodinapenia e sarcopenia. Exceto por idade, escolaridade e desnutrição, os fatores associados à sarcopenia e à dinapenia são distintos. Entretanto, há similaridades em algumas associações quando se trata da presença de sarcodinapenia.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcodynapenia and associated factors in older adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,168 older adults who participated in the third wave of the Health, Well-being, and Aging study in 2010 (SABE study). Men and women with skeletal muscle mass ≤ 8.90 and ≤ 6.37 kg/m2, respectively, were considered sarcopenic. Men and women with grip strength < 30 and < 20 kg, respectively, were considered dynapenic. Those with both conditions were considered sarcodynapenic. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, nutritional, and biochemical characteristics were investigated as factors associated with each of the three conditions using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Theprevalence of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and sarcodynapenia was 4.8% (95%CI 3.6 - 6.3), 30.9% (95%CI 27.5 - 34.6) and 9.0% (95%CI 7.2-11.3), respectively. An increase in age and malnutrition was associated with all the three conditions. Cognitive impairment was associated with both dynapenia and sarcodynapenia. Schooling, current smoking habit, and not having a marital life were associated with sarcopenia. Osteoarthritis, schooling, being an ex-smoker, and low hemoglobin were associated with dynapenia. Smoking habit and the risk of malnutrition were associated with sarcodynapenia. Conclusion: Dynapenia is more prevalent among older adults, followed by sarcodynapenia, and sarcopenia. With the exception of age, schooling, and malnutrition, the factors associated with sarcopenia and dynapenia are different. However, there are similarities in some associations regarding the presence of sarcodynapenia.

Debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Incidencia, factores de riesgo y su asociación con la debilidad inspiratoria. Estudio de cohorte observacional / Weakness acquired in the intensive care unit. Incidence, risk factors and their association with inspiratory weakness. Observational cohort study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia acumulada y analizar los factores riesgo asociados al desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y su asociación con la debilidad inspiratoria. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo en un solo centro, unidad de cuidados intensivos médico-quirúrgica polivalente. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos, que hayan requerido ventilación mecánica ≥ 24 horas entre julio de 2014 y enero de 2016. No hubo intervenciones. Se registraron datos demográficos, diagnóstico clínico y factores relacionados con el desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y Presión inspiratoria máxima. Resultados: Ciento once pacientes incluidos, 66 desarrollaron debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con una incidencia acumulada del 40,5% en 18 meses. El grupo con debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos presentó mayor edad (55,9 ± 17,6 versus 45.8 ± 16.7), además de más días con ventilación mecánica (7 [4 - 10] versus 4 [2 - 7,3]), más días en unidad de cuidados intensivos (15,5 [9,2 - 22,8] versus 9 [6 - 14]). Hubo más pacientes con delirio (68% versus 39%), con hiperglucemia > 3 días (84% versus 59%); y con balance positivo > 3 días (73,3% versus 37%). Todas las comparaciones fueron significativas con p < 0,05. La regresión logística múltiple identificó a la edad, la hiperglucemia ≥ 3 días, el delirio y la ventilación mecánica > 5 días como predictores independientes para debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La presión inspiratoria máxima baja se asoció a debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (p < 0,001) y el punto de corte presión inspiratoria máxima < 36cmH2O obtuvo una sensibilidad y especificidad del 31,8% y 95,5% para clasificar al grupo con debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Conclusión: La debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos es una condición con un alta incidencia en nuestro medio. El desarrollo de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos se asoció a la edad, delirio, hiperglucemia y la ventilación mecánica > 5 días. La presión inspiratoria máxima ≥ 36cmH2O demostró un alto valor diagnóstico para descartar la presencia de debilidad adquirida en la unidad de cuidados intensivos.

ABSTRACT Objective: This paper sought to determine the accumulated incidence and analyze the risk factors associated with the development of weakness acquired in the intensive care unit and its relationship to inspiratory weakness. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at a single center, multipurpose medical-surgical intensive care unit. We included adult patients who required mechanical ventilation ≥ 24 hours between July 2014 and January 2016. No interventions were performed. Demographic data, clinical diagnoses, the factors related to the development of intensive care unit -acquired weakness, and maximal inspiratory pressure were recorded. Results: Of the 111 patients included, 66 developed intensive care unit -acquired weakness, with a cumulative incidence of 40.5% over 18 months. The group with intensive care unit-acquired weakness were older (55.9 ± 17.6 versus 45.8 ± 16.7), required more mechanical ventilation (7 [4 - 10] days versus 4 [2 - 7.3] days), and spent more time in the intensive care unit (15.5 [9.2 - 22.8] days versus 9 [6 - 14] days). More patients presented with delirium (68% versus 39%), hyperglycemia > 3 days (84% versus 59%), and positive balance > 3 days (73.3% versus 37%). All comparisons were significant at p < 0.05. A multiple logistic regression identified age, hyperglycemia ≥ 3 days, delirium, and mechanical ventilation > 5 days as independent predictors of intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Low maximal inspiratory pressure was associated with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (p < 0.001), and the maximum inspiratory pressure cut-off value of < 36cmH2O had sensitivity and specificity values of 31.8% and 95.5%, respectively, when classifying patients with intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Conclusion: The intensive care unit acquired weakness is a condition with a high incidence in our environment. The development of intensive care unit-acquired weakness was associated with age, delirium, hyperglycemia, and mechanical ventilation > 5 days. The maximum inspiratory pressure value of ≥ 36cmH2O was associated with a high diagnostic value to exclude the presence of intensive care unit -acquired weakness.

Prevalência dos sintomas de LER/DORT, perda de força muscular manual e seu impacto na qualidade de vida de cirurgiões dentistas no município de Bauru/SP / Prevalence of symptoms of RSI/WMSD loss of hand muscle strength and its impact on quality of life of dentists in the municipality of Bauru/SP

O trabalho assume um papel cada vez mais central na vida das pessoas, assim, é previsível que modelos modernos de tecnologias de gestão se ocupem também da qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) e dos fatores que incorporam a satisfação do indivíduo em sua atividade laboral e na humanização das situações relacionadas ao trabalho humano. Alguns estudiosos aventam a possibilidade do estresse contínuo no ambiente de trabalho acarretar prejuízos à integridade física, psicológica e ao convívio social e familiar dos profissionais. Assim à medida que o trabalho evolui e se torna mais dependente da técnica, ocorre um maior desgaste físico, psíquico e mental nos trabalhadores, isto acontece em função das exigências impostas pelas ocupações de ocupacionais e aumenta de forma assustadora o número de acidentes e doenças ocupacionais. Desta forma, a prática da odontologia predispõe seus profissionais a desenvolverem, sobretudo doenças do sistema osteomuscular, levando a incapacitação para o trabalho se não forem adotados princípios de ergonomia aplicados ao serviço. De maneira geral, no ambiente profissional há uma série de estímulos que podem contribuir significativamente para o surgimento de um conjunto de sintomas que são classicamente associados ao estresse laboral ou ocupacional. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em investigar os possíveis sintomas que acometem os cirurgiões dentistas da rede pública e da rede privada do município de Bauru/SP e sua relação com a atividade laboral, por meio do questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares (QNSO), avaliando também a presença da perda muscular manual utilizando um dinamômetro e assim investigar o impacto que esses possíveis fatores de risco causam na qualidade de vida desses cirurgiões dentistas utilizando o questionário QWLQ-Bref (Quality of Working Life Questionnaire Questionário de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho). Do total de 1066 cirurgiões dentistas regularmente inscritos no Conselho Regional de Odontologia de Bauru (CROSP), apenas 128 (100,00%) participaram desta pesquisa, onde 64 cirurgiões dentistas pertencem à rede pública e 64 cirurgiões dentistas pertencem à rede privada. Tendo em vista a relevância sobre o tema Sintomas de LER/DORT, assim como os resultados também mostram que ao comparar a rede pública com a rede privada pôde-se perceber que na rede privada é maior é a frequência dos relatos de queixa de dor, desconforto ou dormência.(AU)

Work plays an increasingly central role in people's lives, so it is expected that modern models of management technologies will also focus on quality of life at work (QWL) and factors that incorporate the satisfaction of the individual in his work activity And the humanization of situations related to human work. Some scholars point out the possibility of continuous stress in the work environment causing damages to the physical and psychological integrity and to the social and familiar life of the professionals. Thus, as the work evolves and becomes more dependent on the technique, there is a greater physical, mental and mental exhaustion in the workers, this happens in function of the exigencies imposed by occupations of occupational and increases in a frightening way the number of accidents and occupational diseases. In this way, the practice of dentistry predisposes its professionals to develop, especially diseases of the musculoskeletal system, leading to incapacitation for work if principles of ergonomics applied to the service are not adopted. In general, in the professional environment there are a number of stimuli that may contribute significantly to the appearance of a set of symptoms that are classically associated with occupational or occupational stress. The objective of the present study was to investigate the possible symptoms that affect the dental surgeons of the public network and the private network of the city of Bauru / SP and its relation with the work activity, through the Nordic Questionnaire of Osteomuscular Symptoms (QNSO), evaluating Also the presence of manual muscle loss using a dynamometer and thus investigate the impact that these possible risk factors cause in the quality of life of these dental surgeons using the QWLQ-Bref questionnaire (Quality of Working Life Questionnaire). Of the total of 1,066 dentists regularly enrolled in the Regional Council of Dentistry of Bauru (CROSP), only 128 (100.00%) participated in this research, where 64 dental surgeons belong to the public network and 64 dental surgeons belong to the private network. Considering the relevance of the topic "Symptoms of RSI / DORT", as well as the results also show that when comparing the public network with the private network it was possible to perceive that in the private network it is greater is the frequency of the complaints reports of Pain, discomfort or numbness.(AU)

Fenótipo de fragilidade: influência de cada item na determinação da fragilidade em idosos comunitários - Rede Fibra / Phenotype of frailty: the influence of each item in determining frailty in community-dwelling elderly - The Fibra Study

Resumo O fenótipo de fragilidade é uma ferramenta utilizada para avaliação da fragilidade em idosos, composto pelos itens perda de peso, exaustão, baixo nível de atividade física, fraqueza muscular e lentidão na marcha. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a participação de cada item na determinação da fragilidade em idosos brasileiros. A análise foi feita pela Regressão Logística Multinomial. A amostra total de 5532 idosos, selecionados aleatoriamente em diversas cidades brasileiras entre dezembro de 2008 e setembro de 2009, foi avaliada pelo fenótipo de fragilidade. Os itens mais frequentes na amostra foram o nível de atividade física, seguido da fraqueza muscular e lentidão da marcha. Os itens que apresentaram maior chance para o desenvolvimento da fragilidade foram a lentidão na marcha (OR = 10,50, IC95%8,55-12,90, p < 0,001) e a fraqueza muscular (OR = 7,31, IC95%6,02-8,86, p < 0,001). O modelo com os cinco itens explicou 99,6% da fragilidade na amostra. Tais resultados sugerem que o nível de atividade física, fraqueza muscular e lentidão na marcha são os itens que mais influenciam na determinação da fragilidade, mas a aplicação de todos os itens do fenótipo em conjunto é a melhor forma para a avaliação.

Abstract The phenotype of frailty is used to assess frailty among the elderly by examining the following items: weight loss; exhaustion; low level of physical activity; weakness; and slow gait speed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contribution of each item to determine the frailty syndrome among elderly Brazilians. The analysis was done using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The total sample of 5532 randomly selected elderly people in many cities in Brazil between December 2008 and September 2009 was assessed using the phenotype of frailty. The most frequent items were level of physical activity, followed by muscular weakness and slow gait speed. Items that were more likely to develop frailty, when positive, were slow gait speed (OR = 10.50, 95%CI 8.55 - 12.90, p <0.001) and muscular weakness (OR = 7.31, 95%CI 6,02 - 8,86, p <0.001). The final model with five items explained 99.6% of frailty in the sample. These results suggested that the level of physical activity, weakness and slow gait speed were the items that most influence the determination of frailty, however the application of all items of the phenotype of frailty is the best way to assess frailty.

Frailty among Mexican community-dwelling elderly: a story told 11 years later. The Mexican Health and Aging Study / Fragilidad en adultos mayores mexicanos: la historia 11 años después. Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México

Objective. To describe the characteristics and prognosis of subjects classified as frail in a large sample of Mexican community-dwelling elderly. Materials and methods. An eleven-year longitudinal study of 5 644 old adults participating in the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS). Frailty was defined by meeting at least three of the following criteria: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slow walking speed and low physical activity. The main outcomes were incident disability and death. Multiple covariates were used to test the prognostic value of frailty. Results. Thirty-seven percent of participants (n= 2 102) met the frailty criteria. Frail participants were significantly older, female, less educated, with more chronic disease, lower income, and poorer self-reported health status, in comparison with their non-frail counterparts. Frailty was a predictor both for disability activities of daily living and for mortality. Conclusion. After a follow-up of more than ten years, the phenotype of frailty was a predictor for adverse health-related outcomes, including ADL disability and death.

Objetivo. Describir las características y el pronóstico de una muestra representativa de ancianos de la comunidad clasificados como frágiles. Material y métodos. Estudio longitudinal de 11 años de seguimiento a 5 644 sujetos mayores de 60 años, participantes de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem). Fragilidad se definió con, al menos, tres de los siguientes criterios: pérdida de peso, debilidad, extenuación, enlentecimiento de la marcha y baja actividad física. Los desenlaces de ésta fueron incidencia de discapacidad y muerte. Se construyeron modelos multivariados para probar el valor pronóstico de la fragilidad. Resultados. Del total de participantes, 37% reunió los criterios de fragilidad (n= 2 102). Estos, en comparación con los clasificados como no frágiles, fueron significativamente más ancianos y mujeres; asimismo tuvieron menor nivel educativo, más enfermedades crónicas, bajos ingresos y mala autopercepción de salud. La fragilidad fue un predictor de discapacidad para las actividades básicas de la vida diaria y mortalidad. Conclusión. El fenotipo de fragilidad fue un predictor de discapacidad y muerte después de un seguimiento de más de 10 años.

Factors associated with loss of handgrip strength in long-lived elderly / Factores asociados con la reducción de la fuerza de agarre manual en ancianos longevos / Fatores associados à diminuição de força de preensão manual em idosos longevos

Objective To investigate the prevalence of reduced grip strength and associated factors in long-lived elderly, who are users of primary health care. Method Cross-sectional quantitative study, data were collected during the period of January to December of 2013, by applying tests and questionnaires. The convenience sampling was comprised of 157 seniors. Results The findings indicate that the reduction in grip strength presents a moderate prevalence (25.5%), predominantly among females (19.1%), in the age group of 80-89 years (18.5%) and in those with lower educational levels (15.9%). The association between reduced grip strength and the variables of age and body mass index showed a statistical significance. Conclusion Investigations about the handgrip strength are essential for identifying clinical conditions of Brazilian long-lived elderly, and contribute to the development of plans towards the management of frailty. .

Objetivo Investigar a prevalência da redução da força de preensão manual e fatores associados em idosos longevos, usuários da atenção básica de saúde. Método Estudo quantitativo transversal, cujos dados foram coletados no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2013, por meio de testes e aplicação de questionários. A amostra por conveniência compreendeu 157 idosos. Resultados Apontam que a redução da força de preensão manual possui prevalência moderada (25,5%), com predomínio do sexo feminino (19,1%), da faixa etária de 80 a 89 anos (18,5%) e baixa escolaridade (15,9%). A associação entre diminuição da força de preensão manual e as variáveis idade e índice de massa corpórea mostrou significância estatística. Conclusão As investigações sobre o componente da força de preensão manual são fundamentais para a identificação das condições clínicas dos idosos longevos brasileiros e contribuem para a construção de planos voltados para a gestão da fragilidade. .

Objetivo Investigar la prevalencia de la reducción de la fuerza de agarre manual y los factores asociados en ancianos longevos, usuarios de la atención básica a la salud. Método Estudio cuantitativo transversal, cuyos datos fueron recogidos en el período de enero a diciembre de 2013, por medio de pruebas y aplicación de cuestionarios. La muestra por conveniencia comprendió a 157 ancianos. Resultados Señalan que la reducción de la fuerza de agarre manual tiene prevalencia moderada (25,5%), con predominio del sexo femenino (19,1%), del rango de edad de 80 a 89 años (18,5%) y baja escolaridad (15,9%). La asociación entre la disminución de la fuerza de agarre manual y las variables de edad e índice de masa corpórea mostró significación estadística. Conclusión Las investigaciones acerca del componente de la fuerza de agarre manual son fundamentales para la identificación de las condiciones clínicas de los ancianos longevos brasileños y contribuyen para la construcción de planes dirigidos a la gestión de la fragilidad. .

Prevalência da fragilidade entre os pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador e em diálise / Prevalence of frailty in patients in chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment and on dialysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Fragilidade é um estado de vulnerabilidade fisiológica do paciente que se associa ao maior número de hospitalização e óbito. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a prevalência de fragilidade e os fatores a ela associados em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) em tratamento conservador (TC), hemodiálise (HD) e diálise peritoneal (DP). MÉTODOS: A fragilidade foi avaliada em 146 pacientes (86 em TC, 37 em HD e 23 em DP) e caracterizada como fraqueza muscular e exaustão - pelos domínios do aspecto físico e da vitalidade, respectivamente, avaliados pelo questionário SF-36 de qualidade de vida; como inatividade física caso a resposta fosse "nunca" ou "quase nunca" - quando questionado sobre a prática de atividade física; e como perda de peso não intencional (> 4,5 kg por ano). Os pacientes foram divididos em três grupos: não frágeis (NF), pré-frágeis (PF) e frágeis (F). As variáveis demográficas, clínicas e laboratoriais foram extraídas dos prontuários dos pacientes. RESULTADOS: A fragilidade foi caracterizada em 36% dos pacientes em TC, 37,8% em HD e 47,8% em DP. Foi diagnosticada em 36,8% dos pacientes com idade entre 20 e 40 anos e 40,3% daqueles entre 41 e 60 anos. A fragilidade associou-se significativamente ao uso de vitamina D (r = 0.16; p = 0.03), hemoglobina (r = -0.14; p = - 0.02) e paratormônio intacto (r = 0.16; p = 0.03). CONCLUSÕES: A fragilidade é frequente entre os pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador e dialítico, mesmo naqueles não idosos. Nos pacientes estudados, o fenótipo de fragilidade se associou com o não uso de vitamina D, menores níveis séricos de hemoglobina e níveis mais elevados de paratormônio.

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is a physiological vulnerability status of the patient which is associated with the increased number of hospitalization and death. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on conservative treatment (CT), hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: Frailty was assessed in 146 patients (86 CT, 37 HD and 23 PD) and characterized as muscle weakness and exhaustion - by the physical aspect and vitality domains, respectively, evaluated in the SF-36 quality of life instrument; physical inactivity - if he or she answered "never" or "hardly ever" when asked about physical activity; and as unintentional weight loss (> 4.5 kg per year). Patients were divided into three groups: non-fragile (NF), pre-fragile (PF) and fragile (F). The demographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient charts. RESULTS: Frailty was diagnosed in 36% of patients on CT, 37.8% in HD and 47.8% in PD. It was characterized in 36.8% of patients aged between 20 and 40 years and 40.3% of those between 41 and 60 years. Frailty was significantly associated with the use of vitamin D (r = 0.16; p = 0.03), hemoglobin (r = -0.14; p = - 0.02) and intact parathyroid hormone (r = 0.16; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is common among patients with CKD on conservative treatment and dialysis, even in those who are not elderly. In the patients studied, the phenotype of frailty was associated with no usage of vitamin D, lower serum levels of hemoglobin and higher levels of parathyroid hormone.

Características clínico epidemiológicas de los pacientes con debilidad muscular aguda atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño desde Enero hasta Diciembre del 2008 / Clinical epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute muscle weakness Unserved in the National Institute of Child Health from January to December 2008

La Debilidad muscular aguda (DMA) constituye la pérdida de fuerza muscular más o menos generalizada que se instaura en el transcurso de pocas horas o días y siempre antes de cuatro semanas. Este síndrome puede ser debido a una larga lista de enfermedades y se presenta con relativa frecuencia, especialmente en las áreas de urgencias, pudiendo llegar a constituir una emergencia médica. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la incidencia y las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de debilidad muscular aguda, que hayan sido atendidos en el servicio de emergencias del Instituto Nacional del Niño, entre enero y diciembre del año 2008. Se realizó un estudio de carácter descriptivo y retrospectivo, consistente en la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de Debilidad Muscular Aguda hospitalizados en el INSN durante el mes de Enero hasta Diciembre del año 2008. Se utilizaron criterios de inclusión (edad hasta 17 años, debilidad muscular progresiva) y exclusión (Astenia, síndromes atáxicos, impotencia funcional y hemiplejia) aguda para la de datos en la ficha diseñada para tal fin. Se realizó un cruce de variables en tablas de doble entrada. El análisis descriptivo se realizó en medidas de tendencia central, de posición y de variabilidad. De un total de 27 pacientes con diagnóstico de DMA, el 47 por ciento tuvo como diagnóstico polirradiculoneuropatía inflamatoria desmielinizante aguda o Síndrome de Guillain Barré(predominando en varones), el síndrome de debilidad muscular fue la segunda enfermedad más frecuente con 14 por ciento y con 11 por ciento otras polineuropatías. La moda calculada en este estudio fue 8 y la mediana resultó de 6,5...

The acute muscular weakness constitutes the loss of muscle strength that is established in the course of a few hours or days and always within four weeks. This syndrome can be due to a several kinds of diseases and appears with relative frequency, especially in urgencies, being able to constitute a medical emergency. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute muscle weakness, which have been treated in the emergency department of the National ChildrenÆs Institute, from January to December 2008. There was realized a study of character descriptive and retrospective, consisting of the review of patient's clinical histories by diagnosis of Acute Muscular Weakness hospitalized in the INSN during January until December 2008. There were in use criteria of incorporation (age up to 17 years, muscular progressive weakness) and exclusion (Debility, ataxic syndromes, functional impotence and acute hemiplegic) for that of information in the card designed for such purpose. A crossing variable was realized in tables of double entry, The descriptive analysis was realized in measures of central trend; of position and of variability. 27 patients of al/, with diagnosis of DMA, 47 per cent was diagnose with Guillain Barré's Syndrome as a diagnosis polirradiculoneuropathy (prevailing in males), the syndrome of muscular weakness was the most frequent second disease with 14 per cent an with 11 per cent other polineuropathies: The mode calculated in t. study was 8 and the median ensued from 6,5...

Prevalence of clinically significant functional fatigue or weakness in specialty outpatient clinics of Pune, India.

Disorders of fatigue are important in clinical practice but inadequately studied in developing countries. Questions about their consistency and variation across cultures also require attention. The standard professional diagnostic formulations of these disorders, namely, chronic fatigue syndrome and neurasthenia, are not used widely in India, perhaps due to lack of research and poor appreciation of their clinical significance. Recognising patients with clinically significant functional fatigue or weakness often seek help from various care-givers, prevalence of this condition was studied in four specialty clinics of Sassoon Hospital, Pune. An operationally defined set of criteria was used to create a screening instrument. Trained research assistants surveyed 1,874 consecutive patients from psychiatry, medicine, dermatology, and ayurved clinics. Data were entered and analysed to compute the rates of this condition, compare them across clinics and between sexes, and to compute rates adjusted for age, sex, and the clinic attended. Overall prevalence was 5.02% with higher rates in the dermatology and ayurved clinics than in psychiatry and medicine clinics. The female preponderance (63.83%) was notable (p < 0.001). Mean age of patients with this condition was similar across clinics. Logistic regression showed female sex (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.40) and dermatology clinic (OR 1.70, 1.02 to 2.85) to be significant predictors of CS-FoW. Female preponderance indicates the need for studies with gender focus. Clinical and cultural epidemiological studies informing psychiatrists as well as other physicians are necessary. Need for counselling for majority of these patients calls for appropriate changes in healthcare delivery.

Falls in elderly.

Falls are common in elderly. They cause morbidily, mortality and financial hardship. They can be prevented with minimum cost. All steps should be taken. Remove the cause or causes as far as it is possible in the environment.